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w d1016 1.5mhz, 1.0a , step - down dc - dc convertor descriptions the wd1016 is a high efficiency, synchronous step down dc - dc convertor optimized for battery powered portable applications . i t supports up to 1.0a output current. with a wide input voltage range of 2.7v to 5.5v, the device supports applications powered by single li - ion battery with extended voltage range, two and three alkaline cell, 3.3v and 5v input voltage range. the wd1016 operates at 1.5mhz fixed switching frequency with pulse - width - modulati on ( pwm) and enters pulse - skipping - modulation (ps m) operation at light load current to maintain high efficiency over the entire load current range. 100% duty cycle capability provides low dropout operation, extending battery life in portable systems. the switching frequency is internally set at 1.5 mhz, allowing the use of tiny surface mount inductor and input/output capacitors. low output voltage is easily supported with the 0.6v feedback reference volt age. the wd1016 is available in dfn2x2 - 6l package. s tandard product is pb - free and halogen - free. features ? input voltage range : 2.7~5.5v ? continue output current : 1.0a ? switch ing frequency : 1.5mhz (typ.) ? efficiency : up to 92% ? feedback reference voltage : 0.6v ? 100% duty cycle for low dropout operatio n ? adjustable output voltage applications ? c ellphones ? pads ? stbs ? dscs dfn2x2 - 6l dfn2x2 - 6l pin c onfiguration (top view) dfn2x2 - 6l ga = device code y = year code w = week code marking order i nformation device package shipping WD1016DA - 6/tr dfn2x2 - 6l 3000/reel&tape 1 2 3 6 5 4 g a y w x 1 2 3 v i n g n d e n f b s w 6 5 4 n c e x p o s e p a d g n d 1 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification 1 2 3 6 5 4 g a y w x 1 2 3 v i n g n d e n f b s w 6 5 4 n c e x p o s e p a d g n d
typical a pplications block d iagram pin d escription s symbol dfn2x2 - 6l descriptions vin 3 inpu t voltage gnd 5 ground en 2 enable , active high fb 6 feedback sw 4 switching signal output nc 1 not connect expose pad ground v i n g n d e n f b s w v i n 1 . 8 v v o u t 4 . 7 u f 1 0 u f 2 2 p f 3 0 0 k 1 5 0 k 2 . 2 u h currrent limit & feedback logic buffer driver ramp wave generator pwm \ psm selector phase compesation enable logic verf 0 . 6 v with soft start u . v . l . o u . v . l . o comp . pwm comp . error amp . vref 0 . 6 v fb otp vin gnd en sw w d1016 2 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification v i n g n d e n f b s w v i n 1 . 8 v v o u t 4 . 7 u f 1 0 u f 2 2 p f 3 0 0 k 1 5 0 k 2 . 2 u h currrent limit & feedback logic buffer driver ramp wave generator pwm \ psm selector phase compesation enable logic verf 0 . 6 v with soft start u . v . l . o u . v . l . o comp . pwm comp . error amp . vref 0 . 6 v fb otp vin gnd en sw
absolute m aximum r ating s these are stress ratings only. stresses exceeding the range specified under absolute maximum ratings may cause substantial damage to the device. functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the speci fication is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability. note 1: surface mounted on fr - 4 board using 1 square inch pad size , dual side , 1oz copper parameter symbol value unit vin pin voltage r ange v in - 0.3 6.5 v en, fb pin voltage range - - 0.3 v in v sw pin voltage range (dc) - - 0.3 v in v power dissipation C sot - 23 - 5l (note 1) p d 0. 5 w power dissipation C dfn2x2 - 6l (note 1) 0. 8 w junction to ambient thermal resistance C sot - 23 - 5l (note 1) r ja 250 o c/w junction to ambient thermal resistance C dfn2x2 - 6l (note 1) 140 o c/w junction temperature t j 1 50 o c lead temperature( soldering, 10s) t l 260 o c operating ambient temperature t opr - 40 ~ 85 o c storage temperature tstg - 55 ~ 150 o c esd ratings hbm 2 000 v mm 2 00 v w d1016 3 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification
electronics characteristics (ta=25 o c , v i n =3.6v, v en = v in , unless otherwise noted) parameter symbol conditions m in. t yp. m ax. units input voltage range v in 2.7 5.5 v operating supply current i q v fb = 60%, i out = 0a 150 200 u a standby supply current i q v fb = 105%, i out = 0a 65 85 u a shutdown supply cu rrent i shdn v en = 0v, v in =4.2v 1 u a feedback reference voltage v fb 1 i load =200ma 0.588 0.60 0.612 v v fb 2 i load =1ma v fb 1 *1.04 0.64 v line regulation line v in = 2.7 v to 5 .5 v 0.5 1 %/v load regulation load i out = 20 0 ma to 1.0a 0.5 % inductor limi t current i lim v in = 3 .6 v, v out = 90% *v out 1.8 2.4 3 .0 a oscillator frequency f osc v fb or v out in regulation 1.2 1.5 1.8 mhz v fb or v out to gnd 225 280 335 khz r ds(on) of p - channel fet r pfet i sw = 100ma 0.23 0.35 r ds(on) of n - channel fet r nfet i sw = ? 100ma 0.2 0 0.3 0 feedback leakage current i fb 30 na sw leakage current i lsw v in = 5 .5 v, v sw = 0v or 5 .5 v 1 u a en rising threshold v enh 1.4 v en falling threshold v enl 0.4 v en leakage current i en v in = 5.5v, v en = 0v or v in 1 u a over temperature protection t otp 16 5 o c otp hysteresis 20 o c w d1016 4 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification
typical characteristics (ta=25 o c, v in =3.6v, unless otherwise noted) efficiency vs. output current output voltage vs. load current output voltage vs. temperature efficiency vs. output current output voltage vs. load current output voltage vs. temperature 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 v in =5v v in =3.6v output voltage (v) load current (ma) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 v in =5v v in =3.6v output voltage (v) load current (ma) -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 v out (v) temperature ( o c) v in = 3.6v i o = 300ma -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 v out (v) temperature ( o c) v in = 3.6v i o = 300ma 1 10 100 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 v in =5.0v v in =3.6v v in =2.7v efficiency (%) load current (ma) l =2.2uh v out =1.2v 1 10 100 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 v in =5.0v v in =3.6v v in =2.7v efficiency (%) load current (ma) l =2.2uh v out =2.5v w d1016 5 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 v in =5v v in =3.6v output voltage (v) load current (ma) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 v in =5v v in =3.6v output voltage (v) load current (ma) -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 v out (v) temperature ( o c) v in = 3.6v i o = 300ma -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 v out (v) temperature ( o c) v in = 3.6v i o = 300ma 1 10 100 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 v in =5.0v v in =3.6v v in =2.7v efficiency (%) load current (ma) l =2.2uh v out =1.2v 1 10 100 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 v in =5.0v v in =3.6v v in =2.7v efficiency (%) load current (ma) l =2.2uh v out =2.5v
feedback voltage vs. temperature frequency vs. tempe rature start - up from en en threshold vs. supply voltage frequency vs. supply voltage shutdown from en -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.64 v fb (v) temperature ( o c) v in = 3.6v i o = 300ma 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 v en falling en threshold (v) input voltage (v) v en rising -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 v in = 3.6v v out = 1.8v i out = 300ma oscillator frequency (mhz) temperature ( o c) 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 v in = 3.6v v out = 1.2v i out = 300ma oscillator frequency(mhz) supply voltage(v) w d1016 6 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.64 v fb (v) temperature ( o c) v in = 3.6v i o = 300ma 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 v en falling en threshold (v) input voltage (v) v en rising -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 v in = 3.6v v out = 1.8v i out = 300ma oscillator frequency (mhz) temperature ( o c) 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 v in = 3.6v v out = 1.2v i out = 300ma oscillator frequency(mhz) supply voltage(v)
load transient response load transient response load transient response load transient response w d1016 7 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification
operation informations pwm control mode the wd1016 d a step - down converter operates with typically 1.5mhz fixed - frequency pulse width modulation (pwm) at moderate to he avy load currents. both the main p - channel mosfet and synchronous n - channel mosfet switches are internal. during pwm operation, the converter uses a current - mode control scheme to achieve good line and load transient response . a t the beginning of each cloc k cycle initiated by the clock signal, the main switch is turned on. t he current flows from the input capacitor via the main switch through the inductor to the output capacitor and load. d uring this phase, the current ramps up until the pwm comparator trip s and the control logic turn off the switch. a fter a dead time, which prevents shoot - through current, the synchronous switch is turned on and the inductor current ramps down. t he current flows from the inductor and the output capacitor to the load. i t retu rns back to the induct or through the synchronous switch. t he next cycle is initiated by the clock signal again turning off the synchronous switch and turning on the main switch. p ulse skipping mode (psm) at light loads, the inductor current may reach zer o or reverse on each pulse. the synchronous switch is turned off by the current reversal comparator, i rcmp , and the switch voltage will ring. this is discontinuous mode operation, and is normal behavior for the switching regulator. at very light loads, the wd1016 will automatically skip pulses in pulse skipping mode (psm) operation to maintain output regulation. short - circuit protection when the output is shorted to ground, the frequency of the oscillator is reduced to about 280k hz. this frequency foldback ensures that the inductor current has more time to decay, thereby preventing runaway. the oscillators frequency will progressively increase to 1.5 mhz when v fb rises above 0v. dropout operation t he device starts to enter 100% duty - cycle mode once the inp ut voltage comes close to the nominal output voltage. i n order to maintain the output voltage, the main switch is turned on 100% for one or more cycles . the output voltage will then be determined by the input voltage minus the voltage drop across the p - cha nnel mosfet and the inductor . shutdown mode drive en to gnd to place the wd1016 in shutdown mode. i n shutdown mode, the reference, control circuit , main switch, and synchronous switch turn off and the output becomes high impedance. i nput current falls to 0.1 a (typ.) during shutdown mode. over temperature protection (otp) as soon as the junction temperature (t j ) exceeds 16 5 o c (typ.), the device goes into thermal shutdown. in this mode, the high - side and low - side mosfet are turned off. w d1016 8 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification
application in formations e xternal component selection for the application circuit depends on the load current requirements . c ertain tradeoffs between different performance parameters can also be made. output voltage setting the output voltage can be calculated as : ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 r 1 r 1 6 . 0 v out the external resistive divider is connected to the output, allowing remote vol tage sensing as shown in f igure as below . to minimize the current through the feedback divider network, r1 should be larger than 100k . t he sum of r1 and r2 should not exceed 1 m , to keep the network robust against noise. a n external feed forward capacitor c fwd , is required for optimum load transient response. t he value of c fwd should be in the range between 22pf and 33pf. r oute the fb line away from noise sources, such as the inductor or the sw line. inductor selection t he wd1016 high switching frequency allows the use of a physically small inductor. t he inductor ripple current is determined by 1 ( )( ) out out l in vv i f l v ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? w here i l is the peak - to - peak inductor ripple current and f is the switching frequency. t he inductor peak - to - peak current ripple is typically set to be 40% of the maximum dc load current. u sing this guideline and solving for l, () 1 (40% ) out out load max in vv l f i v ?? ?? ?? ?? i t is important to ensure that the inductor is capable of handling the maximum peak inductor current, i lpk , determined by () 2 l lpk load max i ii ? ?? i nductor core selection different core materials and shapes will change the size/current and price/current relat ionship of an inductor. toroid or shielded pot cores in ferrite or permalloy materials are small and dont radiate much energy, but generally cost more than powdered iron core inductors with similar electrical characteristics. the choice of which style ind uctor to use often depend s more on the price vs . size requ irements and any radiated field emi requirements than on what the wd1016 requires to operate. input capacitor selection c apacitor esr is a major contributor to input ripple in high - frequency dc - dc converters. o rdinary aluminum electrolytic capacitors have high esr and should be avoided. low - esr tantalum or polymer capacitors are better and provide a compact solutio n for space constrained surface mount designs. c eramic capacitors have the lowest over all esr. t he input filter capacitor reduces peak currents and noise at the input voltage source. c onnect a low esr bulk capacitor (2.2 f to 10 f) to the input. s elect this bulk capacitor to meet the input ripple requirements and voltage rating rather than capacitance value. u se the following equation to calculate the maximum rms input current: ? ? out rms out in out in i i v v v v ? ? ? w d1016 9 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification ? 1 ? u 2 r 1 r 1 6 . 0 v out 1 ( )( ) out out l in vv i f l v ' ? ?1 () 1 (40% ) out out load max in vv l f i v ? ?1 () 2 l lpk load max i ii ' out rms out in out in i i v v v v u
o utput capacitor selection c eramic capacitors with low - esr values have the lowest output voltage ripple and are recommended. a t nominal lo ad current, the device operates in pwm mode, and the rms ripple current is calculated as: 1 1 23 out in rmscout out v v iv lf ? ? ? ? ? ? at nominal load current, the device operates in pwm mode, and the overall output voltage ripple is the sum of the voltage spike caused by the output capacitor esr plus the voltage ripple caused by charging and discharging the output capacitor: 1 1 8 out in out out v v v v esr l f c f ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? a t light load currents, the converter operates in pulse skipping mode, and the output voltage ripple is dependent on the c apacitor and inductor values. l arger output capacitor and inductor values minimize the voltage ripple in psm operation and tighten dc output accuracy in psm operation. pc board layout considerations a good circuit board layout aids in extracting the most performance from the wd1016. p oor circuit layout degrades the output ripple and the electromagnetic interference (emi) or electromagnetic compatibility (emc) performance. t he evaluation board layout is optimized for the wd1016. u se this layout for best per formance. i f this layout needs changing, use the following guidelines: 1. use separate analog and power ground planes. c onnect the sensitive analog circuitry (such as voltage divider components) to analog ground; connect the power components (such as input an d output bypass capacitors) to power ground. c onnect the two ground planes together near the load to reduce the effects of voltage dropped on circuit board traces. locate c in as close to the v in pin as possible, and use separate input bypass capacitors for the analog. 2. route the high current path from c in , through l, to the sw and pgnd pins as short as possible. 3. keep high current traces as short and as wide as possible. 4. place the feedback resistors as close as possible to the fb pin to prevent noise pickup. 5. avoid routing high impedance traces, such as fb, near the high current traces and components or near the switch node (sw). 6. if high impedance traces are routed near high current and/or the sw node, place a ground plane shield between the traces. wd1016 d a demo schematic v i n g n d e n f b s w v i n v o u t c i n c o u t c f w d r 1 r 2 w d 1 0 1 6 l 1 4 . 7 u f 1 8 0 k 3 6 0 k 1 0 u f 2 . 2 u h 2 2 p f w d1016 10 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification 1 1 23 out in rmscout out v v iv lf u u u u 1 1 8 out in out out v v v v esr l f c f ' u u ? u u u ?1 v i n g n d e n f b s w v i n v o u t c i n c o u t c f w d r 1 r 2 w d 1 0 1 6 l 1 4 . 7 u f 1 8 0 k 3 6 0 k 1 0 u f 2 . 2 u h 2 2 p f
package outline dimensions dfn2x2 - 6l symbol dimensions in millimeter min. typ. max. a 0.700 - 0.800 a1 0.000 - 0.050 a3 0.203 ref. d 1.900 2.000 2.100 e 1.900 2.000 2.100 d1 1.100 1.200 1.300 e1 0.600 0.700 0.800 k 0.200 min. b 0.180 - 0.300 e 0.650 typ. l 0.250 0.350 0.450 w d1016 11 of 11 4008-318-123 sales@twtysemi.com http://www.twtysemi.com product specification

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